Neurorehabilitation involves a wide spectrum of different approaches of treatment modalities and is a notable period for patient after stabilization of patient’s neurologic injury. In 1985 Barker and co-authors introduced transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) as a noninvasive and safe brain stimulation technique. TMS can be delivered via single-pulse, double-pulse, paired-pulse and low or high frequency repetitive pulses (rTMS). Depending on stimulation parameters i.e. frequency, rate, and duration, application of repetitive stimuli to cortical regions can enhance or decrease the excitability of the affected brain structures. In the last years the development of stimulators significantly progressed, specially discharging at high frequencies up to 100 Hz and the application of TMS expanded into the areas of behavioral and cognitive functions assessment, as well.

In the latest years a lot of studies have been published about neurorehabilitation of Parkinsons disease (PD). These studies have clearly demostrated the efficacy of neurorehabilitation in all phases of the disease. In spite of various medical and surgical treatments for Parkinsons disease, infact, patients gradually develop significant physical problems. Physiotherapy aims to enable people with PD to maintain their maximum level of mobility, activity, and functional independence over time. A range of approaches to movement rehabilitation are used based on physical terapy. As recently demonstrated by a Cochrane review benefit for physiotherapy was found in most outcomes over the short term (i.e. < 3 months) but was significant only for speed, two- or six-minute walk test, Freezing of Gait questionnaire, Timed Up & Go, Functional Reach Test, Berg Balance Scale, and clinician-rated UP. Moreover this review illustrates that a wide range of approaches are employed by physiotherapists to treat patients with PD.

Evidence-based medicine has enabled an individualized approach to medical decision-making and has become part of modern clinical practice. Health technologies are tools that can be used to prevent, diagnose, and treat diseases. Despite the technological progress, diagnostic problems persist. This work is a commentary on the work already done in predicting the appropriate physicians for the prospective of the right diagnosis and is a description of the challenges to be faced in the next work.